Impact of Digital Marketing on Food Service Industry Essay -- Digital

Statement of the ProblemIn the contemporary world, every type of business is going digital. Manufacturers, retail stores, and restaurants, to name just a few, be realizing unimaginable profit margins due to incorporating modern technology in their merchandise strategies. Entrance of digital media and real-time marketing into the scene has resulted in a world-shaking improvement in the traditional ways of marketing and carrying out business. Dissemination of breeding and media has been highly revolutionized. However, there is limited research related to real-time marketing especially as it concerns the service industry. Digital media have proved to be very efficient in their degree of reliability and fast data transmission. This has guide to a major boosts in the connectivity and communication of restaurant businesses with their customers. In restaurants, there exists a very close relationship between the attendants and the customer. With such attributive aspect, well-grounded c ustomer-producer relations can be built comprehensively with digital media. This study willing help justify the past research work and will also seek to unravel the mystery of the impact of technological marketing approaches on the discovery and progress of food and restaurant services enterprises.BackgroundThe meshing is the biggest digital networking tool. The internet offers a number of platforms for digital marketing. Many electronic communication tools offer access to the internet. Personal computers, mobile phones, smart phones, tablets, and various former(a) electronic products offer access to the internet. Over the internet, platforms such as websites, emails, applications (classic and mobile) and social networks are essential for marketing (Hutley,... ... of current research (Belch & Belch, 2001).ReferencesAshcroft, L., and Hoey, C. (January 15, 2001). PR, marketing and the Internet implications for information professionals. Library Management, 22, 68-74. Belch, G. E. , & Belch, M. A. (2001). Advertising and promotion An integrated marketing communications perspective. Boston, Mass Irwin/McGraw-Hill.Hutley R. (2009). Social Networking as a Business Tool. Cisco Internet Business Solutions enounce Research Center Technical Reports (2008). Social Computing Study on Use and Impact of Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2005). Principles of marketing. Englewood Cliffs, N.J Prentice Tamburrini, G. and Zhang, W (2014) Entrepreneurship in Time of Crisis The Outsourcing of Services through Franchise Arrangements in the Italian Food Service Industry. Journal of Food service Business Research, 17(1), 28-47.

ESL in DoDS Schools :: Free Essay Writer

Young Arzu Alp(not her real name), a ten-year-old military brat, is starting mid-semester at her third take aim in four years. Nervously standing forwards the American flag, she anticipates trouble understanding the teacher, hopes for just one new friend, and speaks English as a second language. Arzu need not fear. Her family has been stationed where the school she will insure instructs over 100 hundred English as a Second Language students by three specialized teachers and a competent faculty. Unlike her starting time year in the Department of Defense District School system when she spoke only Turkish, this semester she will test for Level Four and be very close to breaking her language barrier. She has seen others do this and excel in all other areas as well. The talented and gifted political program at her new school is made up of 50% ESL students. In fact, the principal boasts that ESL students often finish high school as valedictorians or salutatorians. (M. Fidl er, personal communication, June 9, 2001). Immersion of ESL students in mainstream classes has its advantages and disadvantages. origination with enrollment to testing through four levels of English comprehension to graduation, the potential obstacles are unique to ESL students. As we journey through Arzus experiences in the ESL program at her new DoDDS school, we will assess its productivity and describe its methods of success. One teacher at her new school feels that having ESL students learn side-by-side American, English-speaking only students creates an surroundings of cultural diversity. Multiple beliefs, traditions, and allegiances adds spice and enrichment to classroom interactions. (M. Fidler, personal communication, June 9, 2001). This is especially true at Arzus school where the different backgrounds pepper every classroom and on that point is no dominant one. Everyone is somewhat culture-bound. Within each culture, there is a unique coherence, integrity, an d logic (Snowman, Biehler, 2000). These two statements and believing that one culture is not pause or worse than the rest is the ideas on which cultural diversity, or pluralism, is based. One English/History/Humanities teacher articulates this attitude by commenting that relationships must be based on tolerance and mutual respect (M.Fidler, personal communication, June 9, 2001). In response to the question, Do cultural differences cause problems in the classroom? twelve emerge of twelve teachers and both the principal and vice principal agree that they do not.

Teenage Depression Statistics Essay -- Psychology, Pessimism, Social

Twenty percent of teens in America today suffer from at least(prenominal) single symptom of depression.( Teenage Depression Statistics ) Depression is an illness that involves the body, mood, and thoughts, that affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. Depression symptoms include loss of emotional expression, feelings of hopelessness, pessimism, and social withdrawal (Teenage Depression Statistics )Holden Caulfield, in J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, suffers from symptoms of depression. Because of his mental illness, he is a misunderstood, upturned young character who is in search of his identity and place in the world. He suffers from symptoms of depression, which are rooted in a lack of closure concerning his brothers death. The demolition Holden experiences after Allies death is understandable. This unfortunately leads to a lack of personal motivation, low self esteem and compulsive lying. Holde ns in powerfulness to self-reflect and his stubbornness in overlooking the plain has resulted in a chronic lack of motivation. Holden lacks the necessary ability to motivate himself, which is required to put up in the real world. Holden feels no need to self motivate, because all those who survive in the real world, he considers phonies. He is unable to realize the importance of progress, maturity and responsibility.Compulsive lying is a trait that Holden demonstrates. Holden would lie to people simply so they could not become closer to the real Holden. Holden tells lies on several occasions attempting to gain sym caterpillar tready from others. Holden pathetically informs Mrs. Morrow, I have to have a comminuted operation... it isnt very serious. I have this tiny little tumor ... ...ing thoughts In conclusion, Holden Caulfield is a troubled young man who is isolated from the real world and the adult wold. Holden is stuck the path of moving from adolescence and innocence to to and adult world he considers insensitive and phony. Holden has issues discovering his personal identity as he isolates himself. Shutting the world out and scrutinizing those whom he considers to be phonies. Because he is so eager to criticize the world around him. Holden thus is differentiated from those in society. It is an undeniable fact, that each one of use at around point or another must grow up. Holden is unable to grasp this idea and this leads to his nervous breakdown . If Holden had a less traumatic past and had the ability and willingness to connect to others and create and maintain relationships he would have a less unsettling furture ahead of him.

Community Values Essay -- Medicine College Admissions Essays

Community Values   Imani. Broken windows carelessly hidden by weather-tormented wood, chunks of bricks randomly sprawled across dry plots of grass and doors barely respite onto one hinge create the backdrop for a bright yellow sign with the Swahili word for faith painted in large red letters. obsolescent tires, pipes, waste material and junk cars are unfortunately not the only residents of the New Orleans lodgment project, as it initi tout ensembley appears. Without any warning, underneath all of the public health hazards small chocolate faces emerge with big smiles completely oblivious to their dangerous surroundings. Although their playground lacks a swing, monkey bars, slides or even a hopscotch area these children continue to play with makeshift toys. Being outnumbered by junkyard waste forces them to create new games with the debris that coexists in their safe haven.   While viewing this housing project, I realized the trigger for change lay deep within the heart of the community. I was also reminded of the words I heard during the address disposed at my high school graduation speech, a community can only be as strong as those who build it. Therefore, I joined Mobilization at Xavier, which created an outlet for me to share my excitement about learning wi... ...the remarkable mechanisms within the human body that work towards fighting off this disease.   My approaching is centered on being a changing force in my community through the gift of medicine. A medical education will tally me with a powerful tool to improve health disparities in underserved communities. A physician is not solely a provider of medical care barely a source of faith and a symbol of reassurance. Each activity I have been a part of has fostered and nourished my motivation towards becoming a part of a sector of society focused on renewing and maintaining strength within families, which are the core unit of a community.

Ebola And Marburg Viruses :: Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (Ebola HF)

The Ebola and Marburg viruses are extremely lethal viruses that haveplaced repugnant thoughts on the minds of many people that have any backgroundknowledge on this field of viral infections. Where does it come from? Wheredoes it hide? What could it do to me? As these questions burn holes in theminds of many people, something should be done to learn more about thesehorrendous viruses. People sometimes become scared stiff from the thought ofthe bone-chilling effects from these viruses, and had skilful reason to. "Ebola,the slate wiper, did things to people that you did non want to think about. Theorganism was too frightening to handle even for those who were comfortable andadept in quadriceps femoris suits." (paperback pg.63-64 - Project Ebola).     A large, shy man by the name of ingredient Johnson was the first pioneer toventure out to find the roots of the Ebola and Marburg viruses. Gene dog-tiredmany years in Central Africa looking for these viruses . After digging upvirtually every piece of land in Central Africa, Gene Johnson wound up withouta single case or report of a virus. A man by the name of Charles Monet and ayoung boy referred to in this book as Peter Cardinal both contracted the samelevel 4 hot virus. There is altogether one connection between Charles and Peter."The paths of Charles Monet and Peter Cardinal had crossed at only one place onearth, and that was inside Kitum hollow out." (pg. 140 - Cardinal). Kitum Cave iswhere the virus is expected to be living or where the history of the Ebolavirus lays. So Kitum Cave is where the search for the deadly virus begins.Led by Gene Johnson, the team members on the Kitum Cave expedition set up manydiffering animals inside the cave with the hope that one of the animals wouldcontract the virus. Even though the expeditions results came out negative,Kitum Cave is still the only logical place where the virus thrives.     There have been a handful of outbreaks as the cause of a shipment ofimps to a civilized community. For example, this occurred from a monkeyshipment to an old metropolis in central Germany. Killing 7 out of the 31 people itinfected, this virus would later be named after the city it erupted in, Marburg.The monkeys posed as the host in this terrifying disaster. The possibilitythat humans are the natural host is very, very unlikely. "...its original hostwas probably not monkeys, humans, or guinea pigs but some other animal or insect

Love and Selfishness in Love in L.A. by Dagoberto Gilb Essay -- Love i

Love and Selfishness inLove in L.A. by Dagoberto Gilb Love in L.A., written by Dagoberto Gilb, is a tale full of caustic remark and multiple themes. The story is set in Hollywood during the summer time. Written in third person objective, Love in L.A. guides the reader along through with(predicate) the story as opposed to an omniscient point of view. The story begins with Jake impulsive on the freeway. He is so enraptured by his daydream of better possibilities that he ends up smacking the car ahead of him. Jake considers driving away but instead he stops and finds out that the owner of the Toyota he hit was a beautiful young woman. From there, Jake switches into his smooth talker role with Mariana. Jake then tries to con her by saying he doesnt have any insurance and assures her that he will collapse for it. As he drives away, he sees Mariana behind him writing down the license plate numbers that he stole from another car. The main characters in this story are Jake and Marian a. Jake is a stagnant and flat character. Throughout the story, he shows himself as a somewhat lazy and rather overly conceited kind of guy. When Gilb describes how Jake, considered driving past the Toyota. and how, he considered giving a real phone number but went against that idea and made one up, it gives the reader a sense of how unwell Jake is. In the end, he has not changed but yet seems even worse and more like a con artist. Mariana is more of an enigma then Jake since the author does not go into great detail about her, there is little characterization to go on. Generally, Mariana is a stagnant character because she is a normal girl with the same suspicious tendencies as most other kind beings. Love in L.A. contains many symbols ... ...d Russel Crowe, the couple get together and break up many times simply because of their mutual fear of intimacy and commitment. Another worthy example of this fear of engagement is the 1999 movie Love Stinks, starring French Stewart and peckerwood Bellamy. French Stewarts girlfriend demands that he marry her but he refuses to do so. This is obviously due to his definite fear of closeness and commitment. Another attribute of human nature, displayed in this story, is the tendency to be selfish. When flock try to evade taxes, it is because they want all their money for themselves and thus are acting avaricious. Another example of this is when people do not donate to charity. This shows an abundance of stinginess as well as greed. Essentially, Love in L.A. addresses two main inherent qualities of human beings, the want for sleep with and the constant capacity to be selfish.

Paper Towns Book Response Essay

The? Book? Talk? visual? which? caught? my? eye? the? most? was? Clare? Considines? project? on? Paper? Towns? by? John? Greene.? After? talking? with? her? I? learned? the? book? is? about? dickens? young? raft,? Margo? and? Quentin? who? navigate? with? their? senior? year? in? the? suburbs? of? Orlando,? Florida? in? the? early? 2000s.?When? exposed? to? a? inanimate? man? who? has? committed? suicide? in? Jefferson? park,? Margo,? at? 10? years? old? says? Maybe? all? the? strings? inside? him? just? broke. ? After? this? moment,? the? 2? continually? link? human? emotions? to? acting? as? strings? throughout?the? novel.? In? the? middle? of? the? book? Margo? runs? away? and? the? plot? is? transformed? to? Quentins? purpose? her? on? a? long? road? trip? with? his? two? best? friends? Ben? and? Radar? and? Bens? girlfriend? Lacey.?The? two? create? idealist? views? of? each? otherwise? which? only? by? the? end? is? proven? wrong? by? reality.? In? the? visual,? there? i s? a? series? of? 6? maps? showing? the? states? which? are? driven? through? in? the? novel? to? find? Margo,? North? Carolina,? South? Carolina,? Pennsylvania,? New? York,? Virginia,? and? Florida.? Starting? at? the? front? of? the? map? and? ending? at?the? end,? there? is? a? form? which? takes? the? viewers? of? this? visual? through? the? plot? of? the? story.? Also,? there? are? various? quotes? spread? about? the? map? to? support? the? explanation? of? the? plot.? To? begin,? the? trail? starts? at? two? houses,?Margo? and? Quentins.? Starting? here,? the? black? prepares? represent? Margo? and? the? white? tacks? show? Quentin.? This? contrast? to? me? exemplifies? a? ying? yang? situation.? Next,? the? string? goes? down? to? four? houses? Lacey,? Jace,? Becca,? and? Karens,? whose? houses? have? a? spraypainted? M? on? them.? This? M? symbolizes?Margos?anger? toward? them? because? her? ex? boyfriend? Jace? cheated? on? her? with? Becca? her? best? friend,? and? this? was? kept? a? secret? by? Karen? and? Lacey? her? are? her? close? friends? also.? It? then? leads? down? to? sea? World? which? they? break? into? and? then? the? path? leads? to? the? sun? tower.? At? the? sun? tower? Margo? says? the? significant? quote? all in all? those? paper? people? living? in? their? paper? houses,? burning? the? future? to? stay? warm.? All? the? paper? kids? drinking? beer? some? bum? bought? for? them? at? the? paper? convenience? store.? Everyone? demented? with? the? mania? of?owning? things.? All? the? things? paper? thin? and? paper? frail.?All? all? the? people,? too.? Ive? lived? here? for? eighteen? years? and? I? have? never? once? in? my? vivification? come? across? anyone? who? cares? about? anything? that? matters. ? After,? the? track? leads? to? two? paper? people? with? Margo? and? Quentins? tacks? on? them? suggesting? they? are? too? one? dimensional? paper? people? by? this? point.? Following,? Margos? tack? then? moves? into? a? ques tion? mark? when? she? runs? away.? By? this? point? all?Quentin? knows? is? she? is? going? to? a? Paper? Town.? Quentins? tacks? continue? into?subdivisions? in? Orlando,? Florida? where? he? begins? his? search? with? thoughts? that? by? Paper? Towns? she? is? referring? to? the? bland? subdivisions? with? nothing? ever? changing? but? does? not? find? her? there.? The? next? tack? is? at? a? barn? where? he? sees?Margo? has? spraypainted? the? words,? You? will? go? to? Paper? Towns? and? you? will? never? return. ? There? he? realizes? Paper? Towns? are,? by? literal? definition,? manage? towns? choreographers? put? on? their? maps? to? prevent? plagiarism.? This? leads? him? to? Algoe,? New? York,? (represented? by? the? car? on? the? visual)? where? he?finds? Margo? in? a? barn.? The? last? part? to? the? visual? is? a? diminutive? booklet? with? expectations,? assumptions? and? idealism? written? on? the? pages,? illustrating? the? journal?Margo? keeps,? writing? down? all ? to? happen? to? her? including? her? idealizations? for? Quentin.? This? points? out? the? moment? when? Quentin? and? Margo? realize? they? had? been? idealizing? one? another? to? be? something? they? are? not? the? whole? time? and? so? they? decide? to? part? ways.? Ultimately? this? visual? is? very? thorough? and? creative? and? illustrates? the? theme? of? the? ideal? psyche? being? nonexistent.

Andrew Linklater & cosmopolitanism Essay

Andrew Linklater, an eloquent exp unrivallednt of the promise of this type of widely distributedism, says that he is interested in the social bonds which join and separate associate and disassociate (Linklater 1998a 2). He points out that, with the rise of the province-state, one indistinguishability was chosen and made central to contemporary policy-making life. Shargond national identity was deemed to be the decisive social bond which links citizens together in the ideal political community (Linklater 1998a 179), and he wants to jibe the actually ineluctable linking of political community with the state.Thus Regard for the interests of outsiders can expand in one epoch and wane in another thus the significance of a cosmopolitan ethic which questions the exact moral significance of national boundaries (Linklater 1998a 2). Linklater offers us two types of social bond beyond the state. The first charitable of glue that might embrace people together, he says, is a commitment to o pen dialogue the bond which unites them members of a society can be obliged as much to the ethical commitment to open dialogue as to logic of primordial attachments (Linklater 1998a 7).The political undertaking of the cosmopolitan, then, is to create institutional frameworks which immenseen the boundaries of the dialogic community (Linklater 1998a 7). The approximately common condemnation of this kind of thing is that it needs alike much of a suspension of disbelief that obligation to open dialogue is a desperately weak candidate for social glue-dom in contrast with the primordial attachments of family, history, and culture. The question is what depart open dialogue tell us that we do not already know?Dialogic cosmopolitanisms throw for open and un-coerced dialogue is obviously aimed at listening to what Linklater and others call subaltern voicesthe voices of the dispossessed, the marginalized, the barred. The cosmopolitan call for more dialogue is so essential to its programm e that one could be forgiven for thinking that the expelled, the marginalized, and the debarred were totally silent. Yet they are not. Positively cosmopolitan, as articulated by Linklater and others, shares its non-territoriality with post-cosmopolitan nationality.Both of them are in any case getting on on the expedition for a new language of politics which challenges the belief that the individuals inner political obligations are to the nation state (Linklater 2002 317). But on the other hand we have comment cosmopolitanisms unwillingness to entertain care and compassion as potential citizenship virtues, and this is a key feature of post-cosmopolitan citizenship. in the same way, cosmopolitanisms non-territoriality seems to be accompanied by the belief that citizenship is carried out completely in the public sphere, a get that is again challenged by post-cosmopolitan citizenship.Yet it is perhaps in considered to the feature that they seem most obviously to have in common that th ey churn out to resist mostnon-territoriality. In this context, Kimberly Hutchings considerately points to two types of conception of non-territoriality, and argues for a citizenship that rather than . . . being incorporated in an ethical universalism which is dormant in concepts of liberal-democratic citizenship . . . becomes located in the actual interrelation and interaction of both individuals and collectives (1996 127).By suggesting that there is no right place to stand, it can take several of the moralists out of our politics. Better still, by doing so it can set free us to pursue a long term procedure of trans-local connecting that is both political and educational at once. And in the middle of the short-term politico-educational crisis where we now get ourselves, it can assign a teaching of culture competent of rallying the energy and enthusiasm of a broad front of people who are not all or even mostly leftists, whatever the right may think.As a practice of contrast, a rang e of tolerances and secularisms, an international proficiency or mode of citizenship that is the control of no one class or civilization, it answers the charges of particularize and loss of standards. As a plastic ideal of interconnected knowledge and pedagogy, it elevates rather than lowers existing educational standards. It presents multiculturalism as both a common program and a decisive program. Cosmopolitanism would seem to simulate capital in seizing for itself the privilege (to paraphrase Wall Street) of knowing no boundaries. Which is also the gendered privilege of knowing no bodies of being, in Donna Haraways words, a conquering gazes from nowhere, a gaze that claims the power to see and not be seen, to represent while escaping representation. (1990, p. 188) Though, Cosmopolitanism has long been a freedom in international politics, lone(prenominal) accessible to elitethose who have the resources essential to travel, learn other languages, and take up other cultures. Fo r the majority of the population, living their lives within the cultural space of their take in state, cosmopolitanism has not been an alternative (hence perhaps the popular suspicion of cosmopolitanism).Though, in the contemporary world of international politics, cultural and linguistic diversity is all-pervading, and the capability to communicate with others and to blot their cultures is available to everybody. Too often, circumstances are not favorable to this. Members of other cultural groups are considered of as threats, undermining recognized ways of life and competing for all too inadequate employment prospects and welfare resources. In these circumstances, the enticement towards closure might be overwhelming to assert ones own cultural identity aligned with the real or imagined threat of the other.In a framework of uncertainty, barriers and defenses might well appear to be the simple way to protect ones own identity. Yet it is also the route towards cultural stagnation. It influences international politics in a means that Cosmopolitanism is the hard won and hard to sustain virtue of living with and understanding diversity. It is perhaps the prime virtue necessary if some appearance of communal social life is to be maintained in the late contemporary world.Cosmopolitanism in this sense is not contrary with the moral cosmopolitans persistence on the basic equality of all, nor with the legal cosmopolitans project of creating institutional and organizational structures through which this parity can be recognized and protected. It is, though, a significant corrective to the austere universalism to which philosophical cosmopolitans are often drawn, where particular attachments and kinships are regarded as impediments to, rather than essentials of, a global moral order.It is only if the virtue of cosmopolitanism is extensive in the relevant communities that there will be any probability of realizing cosmopolitan ideals. If cultural diversity is the needed o utcome of it influence an approach to international politics, then cosmopolitanism is the asset of this necessity.Work CitedBeck, Ulrich (1994), The Reinvention of administration Towards a Theory of Reflexive Modernization, in Beck, Giddens and Lash (1994) 155. Beck, Ulrich, Anthony Giddens and Scott Lash (1994), Reflexive Modernization Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern hearty Order.Cambridge Polity Press. Daniele Archibugi, Cosmopolitical Democracy, New Left Review, 4, July-August 2000 144. Donna Haraway, Situated Knowledges The Science Questionin Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective, in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective, Simians, Cyborgs, and Women (London Free Association Books, 1990), p. 188. Epictetus. 1920. The Discourses of Epictetus with the Encheiridion and Fragments. Translated by G. Long. New York Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. Also Available At http//etext. library. adelaide. edu. au/e/epictetus/e65d/part9. html

A New Kind of Dreaming by Jamie Riley Essay

Jamie Riley changing for the better through come forth the novel A New Kind of conceive of is thanks to many of the events throughout his keep in Port Barren. The courts sending Jamie to Port Barren on Isolated Cargon, I find, is the best thing they put one across done for him. Even though he was targeted, threatened and set-up, he managed to endure it, and come out the other side a better somebody. He flush toilet only owe it to Port Barren and its people for the turnaround in his life.Jamies poor positioning and behaviour issues are no fault of his own. They are at the fault of both his father and late mother. His mother had passed when Jamie was quite young, and his father was of no use every last(predicate), usually too pissed to worry almost anything, particularly the boys. Having no parents meant that both Jamie and Eddie could do whatever they like and not have to reap the consequences. Jamie and Eddie both took full advantage of this situation, and it hasnt done eithe r of them any favours. Eddie is now behind bars, nonoperational with no concept of the severity of the situation. He unless continues to think that it doesnt matter, that he will get out and go and find Jamie in Port Barren and theyll live happily ever after.This attitude of Eddies plays a major part in influencing Jamie, specially because Eddie is the only person Jamie can look up to, and he isnt what I would call a good influence. So as Jamie carries this attitude into Port Barren, he cops a bit of shit for it. As soon as he arrives in Port Barren, he stops dead still in the road with shock, as if something bad, something evil had reached out and touched him as he crossed the road. After this little incident, mid-way thru a conversation among Jamie and his social worker Lorraine, a comment she makes, startles Jamie a little bit This is it, Jamie. This is your last chance. As much as he had heard it all before, he knew that for some reason, this actually was his last chance.Bei ng Jamies last chance, before Jail, hed been putting in the hard yards. He was attending school, and had execute quite close with Cameron, who was becoming more and more like a brother as the story unfolded, and had settled at Archies. Often, of an evening, Jamie would go for long walks, to think,and at times to release some steam. However, on the way back from one of his regular walks, after seeing Butcher burning the school down, Butcher followed him home, and just before Archies stopped Jamie blamed him for burning the school down. Jamie tried to defend himself, but Butcher just smacked him over the back of the head with his baton and threw him in the back of the police truck. After a torturous ride in the back of the police truck, Butcher deserted Jamie at an old tap Station, Flaheretys Curse, handcuffed to a retaining pole.Cameron managed to decipher where Jamie was, however, another visit from Butcher, he smashed Camerons Fathers car into the Mining Hut, and left. Which me ant if the boys even wanted a chance of survival, theyd have to hike it back to town, a very strenuous journey, especially after all of Jamies experiences. The boys found the previous person Butcher had left out there, who was unlucky enough to have died out there, and they bought her skeleton back too. After their near-death experiences on their travels, and being struck with pure luck, of determination a watering hole and two recreational hikers, who gave them a ride back to Port Barren, they made it back. Butcher, furious with the news, made a beeline for Archies house, in search of Jamie, and after a call from Cameron, he made for his sacred place, the boat.Butcher, eventually finding Jamie, set the boat alight, and upon Jamies escape from the inferno, held him at gunpoint. convey to some ingenuity from Robb, Cameron and Archie, they managed to make it before it was too late, and Robb shot Butcher in the shoulder, saving Jamies life. They made contact with the Karratha Police, and had Butcher arrested and charged. Once all the fuss was settled, Jamie returned to Archie, and in reference to a story Archie had told Jamie, he asked if he was a wanderer or a lost one, and Archies reply was neither mate, youre a local. This was a massive milestone for Jamie.Clearly Jamie realises that he needs to pull his finger out or he has had it. This is shown aright throughout the novel. Jamie does well at school, offers to give Archie around the house occasionally and he is off the streets. He feels different, usually when he was sent to Foster Homes, theyd all smother him, and nurture him, and treat him like an idiot, however, Archies was different, he had the freedom to do whatever he liked, but most of the time, hed be controlled hed stay at home, and sleep orstudy. Also, throughout his stay in Port Barren, he felt as if he had a Guardian Angel, constantly watching over him and speaking to him. In the words of the narrator, The girls presence filled Jamie. Shed been watching him, part him, calling him, ever since the moment hed stepped off the bus and into Port Barren.I find that Jamie is also very grateful for the experiences throughout his stay in Port Barren, as good or as bad as they were, because if it wasnt for them, hed still be the same upstart delinquent hed come as, and for all we know, couldve ended up in Prison with Eddie.

Burger King Expansion

1. By mid-2009, Burger King was not in any of the following five countries France, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, and randomness Africa. Compare these countries as possible future locations for Burger King.These countries all give way large populations but are not in close proximity to the BK central office in Miami. How well do these five countries identify with the Burger King brand? It is hard shape downing foreign marts where consumers are loyal to previously established brands. Is thither even enough beef to go around? Burger King will have their work set out for them to be successful in these markets and some not have franchising opportunities to rely on.France the concern with France is how some(prenominal) of the population actually consumes beef.India Burger King may have recently ruined their chances for sending their business to India. in that location are no beef in the McDonalds located in India. Hindu does not eat beef and that is approximately 80% of the population. Burger King thought it was a good idea to place an ad of Lakshmi, the Indian goddess of wealth, about to eat one of the beef burgers, which are forbidden under Hindu religion. Why? otherwise than that bad business move Burger King is faced with re-inventing their menu.Nigeria- Restaurants like Tantilizers has had plenty of success in Nigeria and service similar food merchandises to Burger King. Well, at least they denounce hamburgers. Yet, it all depends on how well Burger King can re-invent meat pies and other popular Nigerian foods. I think Nigeria will be a much better location than that of France and India and it has less competition.Pakistan- McDonalds seems to found success in Pakistan and serves many beef products, chicken, and fish. Burger King can have similar success from a product/menu standpoint. However, will it be enough to compete with an already established fast food base who serves similar products and have a loyal consumer base. However, the market is big enoug h for an additional player because of the population.South Africa- South Africa willIf I was on the Burger King Management team then I would definitely try to enter into Nigeria, Pakistan, and South Africa. I do not think that France is the type of market that Burger King will do exceptional well but maybe average. India, I would not even look any further into trying to bring the BK brand.2. When entering another country, discuss the advantages and disadvantages that an international restaurant company, specifically Burger King, would have in comparison with a local company in that market.The advantages of Burger King entering into new markets are The disadvantages of Burger King entering new markets are3. close to two-thirds of Burger Kings restaurants and revenues are in its Americas region (United States and Canada) and one-third elsewhere. Should this relationship change? If so, why and how?The relationship should not change. America is only 5 share of the world population but consumes 25% of beef. However, Burger King could switch up their menu but I do not think that will bring success. The fish and chicken products do not produce enough variety in international markets in my opinion.4. The case mentions that Burger King prefers to enter countries with large be of youth and shopping centers. Why do you think these conditions would be advantageous?5. How has Burger Kings headquarters location influenced its international expansion? Has this location fortify or weekend its global competitive position?The location has weakened Burger King international expansion. Almost three fourths of all Burger restaurants are either in the United States or LatinAmerica. Latin America because of its convenience makes up 25 percent of global operations. However, because of the small populated countries only 1/8 of the revenue comes from the same 25 percent of the international restaurants. The wealthy European countries are not6. Evaluate Burger Kings strategy of usin g the Brazilian stick to guide its entries into Russia.http//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/5786561/Burger-King-apology-to-Hindus-for-advert.htmlhttp//www.ran.org/fileadmin/materials/education/factsheets/fs_beef.pdf

My Culture and Background

I was born and raised in Southeast Asia, Philippines. It consists of 7,107 islands and each one of them has each make dialect and tribes that lives in rural part of the area. My mom is a Spanish Filipino and my dad is a Chinese. I embraced two socialisations with no problems. Both cultures form me strongly with values, ethics, religion and economics. It plays a vital role of who I am now. Let me begin by telling you that in my country, the Spanish colony conquered the Philippines in 1621. Magellan named the archipelago in the honor of King Phillip of Portugal at that time.My great great grandfathers were baptized as a Catholics and was devoted Spanish names by them. Until now, this still exist. We qualified their dialect and even up have Spanish alphabets too. I and my siblings grew up in a real strict Catholic way and Dad would approved of it even though he is non a Catholic but a Buddist. Very conflicting, right? At early age, we were instruct through various tasks. I lear ned how to slaughter a chicken at the age of 9. Then, I and my siblings lived in dormitory where our school has one at that time. From preschool until my high school yrs, thats where I considered my second home.I studied in Chinese school and all of us were taught in a communist way. Example is we are not allowed to wear jewelries and the only thing that was allowed at that time is a watch. Then the hair shouldnt be longer than the collar of the white blouse uniform. The allowance was given by the matron . Then our time was being scheduled every day. It was hard because we were trained like soldiers. It was a very rigid training for us. I was trained not to be late on any appointment. I was used to it until now. I and my siblings studied in a Chinese school. From Pre-K to high school.It is to educate us about Chinese language so that when we go to visit our Chinese relatives, we have a go at it how to communicate and understand. (If you dont know the Chinese dialect, you will rega in outcast from the family). For the most part, Chinese and Filipino customs are similar to each other. Regarding the family values, it is a very strict custom that we should always take safeguard of our elders. Also, we are not allowed to talk back to them and if you say something when they are talking to you or reprimanding you, this is showing to them that you are disrespecting them.Also, we dont have divorce in our country. Marriage is sacred there. We still have a courtship, engagement and a dowry. This goes for a brides price. I am a cultural diversity. It came a bigger surprise for me too when I came here in United States. I thought there is only one or two cultures mixed in concert but I was wrong. The culture here is totally very much different or opposite rather than what I grew up with. It was a culture shock for me. People here dont hold or guard their tongue when they talk to you, rude by any means or praising you.They dont care about how you feel. They also have raci al discrimination. This is totally a big conflict to what I am. For me, I was taught not to say any bad or disrespectful or even words that will hurt somebodys feeling. Then, how people handle their descent here, its like nobody cares to save the marriage anymore. Couples fight in terms of money, child custody and infidelity. We worked hard to keep our marriage intact for the involvement of our family and kids. The vows for us is sacred. Our families dont like broken marriage, it is shameful to the family if there is one.And the most important of all, kids or younger generation dont know how to respect the elders anymore. They would call you with your first name even if you are related to them. Its like both of you are of the same age. These are all very disturbing for me. But somehow, I adjusted and respect it somehow. Accepting the way things or circumstances and blending with other culture and learning from it is a sound way to learn more. But I wont depart from what I was tau ght and I am happy and contented the way I am.

Ignorance to the Truth Essay

Often in tragic literature, authors infuse characters with a tragic flaw such as hubris. One work that explores an exuberant amount of vainglory is Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. In this play, Thebes is stricken with a plague and Oedipus, the King, will sacrifice anyone to save it. In the turn of finding a solution, Oedipus realizes that he fulfills the prophecies that say he will kill his father and marry his mother. In the play, Sophocles shows Oedipus hubris by using irony. Characterization is also utilize to enhance the effects of insolence on Oedipus ability to see logistically.Both characterization and irony play an important role in supporting the root word that excessive pride is a bad thing because it prevents sight from viewing life with logic and leads to their winfalls. In the drama, Oedipus Rex, readers analyze the shank by looking at Oedipus tragic flaw. Sophocles describes how Oedipus changes from being a powerful and majestic king to being the worlds outcast (Sopho cles 66). For instance, Oedipus hubris is sh sustain from the beginning of the play when he steps d avouch from the altar.He addresses the people of Thebes to discuss the deadly plague that has keep abreast to Thebes. Oedipus explains that he hears the sound of prayer and lamentation and that he himself who bears the famous name, has come to listen to his people (Sophocles 4). Oedipus shows how prideful he is when he refers to himself as being famous amongst the people of Thebes. Also, the fact that he comes forth when he hears prayers, indicates that he views himself as an equivalence to the gods because he defeated the Sphinx.Oedipus boasting relates to the theme because it foreshadows his tragic fate that he will kill his father and marry his mother as destined by the gods. Oedipus pride continues throughout the play when the messenger announces the death of King Polybos of Corinth. Specifically, Oedipus thinks that he is the son of King Polybos and that he escapes his prophecie s by leaving Corinth long ago. Oedipus explains that he never touches Polybos, so he will not give heed to the birds that jangle above Pythians head (Sophocles 50).Oedipus fails to realize that Polybos is not his real father, which relates to the theme of hubris. The overwhelming sense of pride in himself is what makes him blind to what is real. To support the theme of Oedipus Rex, Sophocles uses striking irony throughout the play. Creon tells Oedipus that the murderer of King Laois must die in order for Thebes to recuperate from the plague. Oedipus shows fretfulness for the well-being of the city but also for himself. He says that he will avenge the city and the citys god (Sophocles 9).He further exclaims that for his own sake, he will get rid of evil because the murderer of King Laois might decide at any moment to kill him (Sophocles 9). Although Oedipus shows true concern for Thebes, his pride propels him to suppose that he will get rid of the murderer for his own benefits. Th e dramatic irony is that Oedipus is unable to realize that he will not benefit because he will ultimately have to be punished. Oedipus misconception connects to the theme because Oedipus fails to see that he is the murderer of King Laois.Dramatic irony is also shown after Iocaste realizes that Oedipus prophecies have come true and Oedipus refuses to give up his search for the truth of his birthplace. Oedipus says that he is a child of Luck and that he cannot be dishonored (Sophocles 58). The irony is that the audience knows Oedipus tragic fate, that Oedipus look ats he is a child of luck. The irony relates to the theme because his pride blinds him to see the reality that he has fulfilled his prophecies.The overall use of dramatic irony enhances the theme of pride preventing a individual from seeing things logistically. In addition to irony, Sophocles uses characterization throughout the play to enhance the theme. For instance, Tiresias, a blind prophet reveals Oedipus fate and Oe dipus refuses to believe it. When Tiresias accuses Oedipus of weaving his own doom, Oedipus objects by exclaiming that he saves Thebes by defeating the Sphinx. He says that Tiresias magic or the gods, for the matter are useless (Sophocles 22).Oedipus is indirectly characterized as truly self-centered and haughty. Oedipus ego relates to theme because he is so cocky that he does not perceive what Tiresias is saying. Instead, he reminds everyone of the time that he defeats the Sphinx. Oedipus gloats on past victories without traffic with present problems involving Thebes. Along with being self-centered, Sophocles characterizes Oedipus by incorporating epithets into the chorus lines. Oedipus summons the shepherd in search of primary proof of the murdering of King Laois.The chorus explicitly calls Oedipus a tyrant who is a child of Pride and that his haughtiness and high hand of disdain/ Tempt and outrage Gods holy law (Sophocles 46). Oedipus is indirectly characterized as a tyrant. Th e chorus denounces their King, which relates to the theme because Oedipus pride leads him to be caught up in a net of pain (Sophocles 46). By using characterization, the author shows the reader how Oedipus pride leads to his downfall. Hubris often leads to a tragic fall and causes people to become oblivious to the real world.Sophocles creates dramatic irony in the play Oedipus Rex to enhance the plot. The use of dramatic irony highlights how blind Oedipus is to his fate. It shows how Oedipus life changes from being a majestic King to an egocentric man who has given up all hope. Oedipus Rex leads the reader into analyzing his or her own life. People should be proud of their achievements as long as they avoid becoming insolent. A healthy dose of pride always does a person well, but an exuberant amount of it, makes him or her ignorant to the truth.

Amanda and Laura in Scene Essay

The second scene of Tennessee Williams play The Glass Menagerie is mainly about the relationship amongst Amanda and her daughter Laura. Williams uses every(prenominal) way possible to give the audience an idea of this relationship, from body language, stage directions and language, to the set, clothes and props.Throughout the play, Williams uses images set against screens to accentuate the mood, or theme, of the upcoming scene. The image presented at the start of this scene is blue roses, this being the nickname Laura was given at school by a boy she was fond of When I had that attack of pleurosis he asked me what was the matter when I came back. I said pleurosis he thought that I said Blue Roses Ironically, blue roses is more than just a name for Laura she is visualised as a rose, pure, innocent and delicate, and the adjective blue gives the characterization of coldness, which could be linked to Lauras sad and lonely differentiate.Lauras mental and physical state is central to Amanda and Lauras relationship, as it is through this that difficulties arise (although it is quite likely that Amanda would always be a rather demanding mother). Laura is crippled we are given the impression that it isnt particularly serious, scarcely conversely, nothing to be brushed lightly aside either. Amandas inability to subscribe to this fact creates a tension between not only Amanda and her daughter, but gobbler as well who feels he has to protect Laura from her mothers ambitions for her.It is important to realise that Amanda does know her daughter is crippled, but just cannot accept the fact that this disability could have a very real negative effect on her daughters life. At the fire of Scene 2, Amanda sums up her feelings towards Lauras problem when she says Nonsense Laura, Ive told you never, never to use that word. Why, youre not crippled, you just have a little demerit hardly noticeable evenHere we can see that Amanda is convincing herself that all she is really doing is being supportive to her daughter, trying to make Laura feel burst but in reality, she is unable to face the fact that her daughter isnt as physically attractive as Amanda was at the same age. This all drives pull down to one of the underlying themes of the play a mother trying to live her life once more through her daughter and Amanda must eventually come to realise that Laura is a completely different person.An important part of this scene is that, through the screenplay between Amanda and Laura, we see that these two characters are very different on that point is a total contrast between mother and daughter. This is a common trick of playwrights, although usually the main characters arent contrasted quite so obviously in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, the characters Benvolio and Tybalt were contrasted excellently, one a natural peacemaker and the other a warmonger.Here, Amanda is dramatic, determined, dominant and self-assured on the outside at least whi lst Laura is shy, quiet, insecure and nervous. Laura seems horrified to become involved in real-life situations, and is much more at home with her glass menagerie and music. Amanda appears to lead a busy life, which some might speculate she is happy with but she is actually living a shadow of her former existence.She came from a rich and successful family, and now lives in a vast hive-like cellular living unit as Williams describes her building. She is constantly living in the past and referring to her suitors, tangled up in the biggest mistake as she sees it that she ever made, which was to marry Tom and Lauras father. With little left of her former glory, Amanda is desperate for her daughter to make the right choice this time, to escape the trap she found herself in.This is why she refuses to accept that her daughter has a defect, she sees Laura as her last chance at success. This is perhaps best shown in the passage beginning So what are we going to do with the rest of our l ives? Throughout this passage, Amanda refers to we instead of you here she really is showing her true colours, that she can only live her life fully if Laura is successful.

Chapter 4 of ‘The Turn of the Screw’ Essay

How does Chapter 4 of The Turn of the Screw establish the references/ fibbers point of view? How does it encourage the ratifier to judge the character/narrator? Use evidence of diction, t star and symbolism to substantiate your reading.Chapter 4 of the novel begins after the governess has apparently seen for the origin sequence, a strange man standing on the rooftop of Bly. She has described the figure in great detail, take us to lend at least many small credence to her belief that it is a received person how could she have described him in such detail if she hadnt actually seen something? The chapter, however, begins with the governess in a state of paranoia about the incident and her situation.The governess compares her situation to dickens very popular gothic romances, which is the first precedent in which we as readers begin to question her sanity.Was there a secret at Bly a mystery of Udolpho?Udolpho, Radcliffes novel, she does directly, however she also mirrors the p lot of Jane Eyre in her wishing to marry her master. Likening her world to the worlds of two pieces of fiction, rather than add clarity to her situation, instead have the opposite effect in leading us to question her perception of the lines between reality and fantasy. Ironically she mentions an insane relative and confinement when in event she is the one starting to become insane and is indeed the one confined to this large country house, away from the man that she loves, the one man she can non get to.Further to this view of the governess fascination with the master bringing up questions of her sanity, the very vision of pentad himself could help us to understand this. With no outlet for her feelings for the master, it can be said that the vision of the man she sees is indeed a manifestation of her feelings for the master. She experiences curiosity and dread at the vision, she finds Quint attractive yet also aggressive and terrifying, as handsome as the master yet incompatible as in the manifestation of a dream. It can be said that she has created for herself a sexual make out onto which she projects her fears and her desires, she fears his sexuality.Small turns of phrase used by the governess also lead us, at least subconsciously to query the account of the governess. She cant say how long she remained rooted to the spot after the vision, in a dream- want daze perhaps? She is writing this account well after the events after all, meaning that her suffer views of events and while are distorted. There is a vagueness and ambiguity to the exclusively account and of course her personal feelings could have non-white her view of actual events it is incredibly difficult to remember something so long after with total recall.She finds herself fluctuate to mention the events to Mrs Grose. Why is this? Could she doubt her own ideas already or is she as she says trying to spare her mate? What is this inward revolution that she experiences? This idea of the go verness seeing herself as a hero and saviour is prevalent throughout the chapter and the novel. The innocence of the children is possibly the central theme of the novel and perhaps this manifestation of Quint happens because she feels threatened. Indeed the apparitions forever seem to take place after a happy session with the children.Whether Quint is a wraith or not, the idea of evil approaching innocence is important to consider as a symbol. pack has interpreted great pains to highlight the innocence of the children and the governess gives us her own views on the evilness of this character. all scene and action seems to further illuminate the question to us of the childrens innocence. The governess sees Miles as quite unpunishable and sees his actions as a direct disproof to his guilt, but we as readers know that Miles has been expelled from many schools. The governess freely admits that she is under the publish of the children of whom she has only known for a relatively shor t time. She becomes incredibly critical of the headmaster and school, little hideous unclean school-world and stupid sordid headmasters show us that she is becoming very defensive, almost irrationally so, of this one thing the children that is almost keeping her going.There is an altogether unwholesome purity to Miles and Flora, as if they are alike innocent and it creates ideas in our own heads about how they could be playing with the governess. Could Quint be the manifestation of a sense of her feeling that this happiness with the children is threatened?The governess own ideas about Quint also lead us to question her because they are entirely subjective views and they get more and more subjective throughout the novel. sooner there was some credibility to her account as she described the physical aspects of the ghost. We dont know that its Quint, just a man, and this makes her account seem more trustworthy.On the second subprogram she gives her thoughts and the account begins to unravel a little. How can she possibly know that he was looking for the children? She can not possibly. She makes claims that cant be proven such as the monstrous liberty that this traveller has taken by coming into the grounds and taking a look form the tower. She speaks of her duty and courage, over again referencing herself as the hero.She is beginning to fit her ideas around the vision and more and more doubt is being drift upon her all the time. The accompaniment that she sees him a second time disproves her original view of him being a wayfarer. The fact that it appears to be the same handsome man could be a mistake, and this in fact could be a stranger who exists in reality outside of her fantasies.She mentions the children as being an antidote to any pain. Could she be public speaking of the master here as well as her problems at home? She recognises the man one tincture into the roominstantaneous as though shes almost expecting it. It is very difficult to recognise mortal you have seen only once from very far away immediately. The forward stride he has taken is symbolic of her approaching madness perhaps? She has known him always, is he a part of her, some part of her mind?We also have the symbolism, the darkness had quite closed in, of madness more or less early in the chapter. Many people recall insanity or madness to be like a great cloud or darkness, and of course this is echoed in the greyness of the day and poor weather, which circumstantially is very evocative of the gothic mood leading us to reconsider the possibility of a eerie event actually taking place as well I believe.Both times that she sees the man, she spends eld wandering about, losing track of time and this could be a reaction of intense breach to seeing a ghost, but she doesnt yet know that this is a ghost.There were hours, from day to daywhen I had to leave off myself up to thinkShe is almost obsessing over the vision. He has to decide whether or not she has been m ade the endeavor of any game, another instance of her paranoia. She repeatedly dipped into her room again and again by her own admission and we are beginning to wonder now at the state of her mind and the nature of the shock she had undergone. After the first time she describes her reaction as the shock I had suffered., and all of these wanderings, loss of time and bouts of shock lead me personally to believe she has had a bout of hysteria and could possibly be imagining the whole thing.The good thing after all, was that we should surely see no more of him. although she is trying to convince the reader and herself, she doesnt seem very sure, although we again have to remember that she is writing this after the events. She is withholding teaching from us deliberately, and when we find out that she does see him again, it affects our trust of her once more. She even loses all sense of date again. She speaks of losing him and outside being empty with a great emptiness, sounding almo st disappointed at not finding the man, or manifestation of the master.She has feelings for her absent master, similar in appearance to this vision, sexual desires, and this on top of the bad news that she has been receiving from home and the paranoia she has been experiencing builds up and up until it manifests itself on a dark night/grey day and she thinks that she sees something. On both occasion she has even been the instigator of her placement she decides to go for a walk and she was the one who left the gloves where she had on the second occasion. Was it mere coincidence that the apparitions happened on both of these occasions? We are left, as usual in the novel, unsure by the ambiguity and to decide for ourselves.Ironically at the end of the chapter, the governess is juxtaposed with the position of the stranger, and she becomes the source of terror for everybody else rather than the heroine as she presses herself against the window and Mrs Grose enters the room.

Archetypes essay

In The Three Little Pigs archetypes are mainly present with the animate being and each of the little preys. The main conflict that the pigs face is that the wolf comes to their house asking the 2 pigs to come in each of their houses and they refuse, so the wolf huffs and puffs and blows their house stilt and eats them. The third pig being the smart one decides to play a game with the wolf. He refuses to let the wolf in and the wolf tries with all his might to blow the house down but it doesnt work. The wolf works and idea and ties to get the pig out of the house and tells him to meet him at Mr..Smith home field at six oclock and that they exit get dinner together. The pig outsmarts him and leaves at five oclock and comes back by the time the wolf gets to his house. He keeps doing this and outsmarting the wolf, soon the wolf gets mad and declares that he will eat him up and that he would get down the chimney. The little pig decides to boil a pot full of water and the wolf fall s in to it and the pig boils him up and eats him. This shows that the cleverness of the third pig prevailed. In The Finnier Wolf the wolf is visualized as pie-eyed and powerful character that thinks he will get what he wants.In the end the wolf gets defeated and the power and dominance is turned over to the protagonist. The hero in this story is as strong as the wolf physically but has a signifi goatt amount of knowledge and uses it to his benefit. The wolf thinks many a(prenominal) of his actions are clever but in reality they arent. The wolf declares himself super strong and decides he can pull and break the chain but he underrated the strength of the chain and was overpowered by that. In order of business of Colossal there is great conflict between the villain also know as the colossus and the main character also known as Colossal. Sing his crafty kills and strength Colossal travel toward the monster that everyone feared and sealed him. Many myths and legends end like this because the hero or main character is evermore portrayed as a good person and the villain is always someone who has a in truth dark side to them.

A Campaign against KFC Corporation MGNT Essay

When contemplating critics of business and defenders of capitalism, the ongoing debate by The People for Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) against fast intellectual nourishment restaurants should be mentioned. On January 6, 2003 a circumstantial girl named Payton Hull organized a PETA demonstration extraneous a KFC. The demands were for KFC to require the chickens suppliers to treat the chickens ethically in a humane bureau while processing them. In retrospect I agree with this request but in insouciant life I just do not stop to think about how my solid food is processed. When I read and prepare to do paperwork on this subject it always tends to make my stomach a little uneasy. PETA organized and founded by Ingrid Newkirk has been very successful thus far in swaying many fast food restaurants to submit to request of transparency. KFC called the attacks corporate terrorism. Ingrid Newkirk even went as far as writing a nasty letter to the president of KFC stating that it was ju st an accident that the KFC president was born who she was instead of a chicken. alike(p) me most consumers do not think where the chickens come from because we see the end final product. Which that being verbalise it makes us realize that events held by PETA brings those images and staggering treatment procedures to the forefront. The organization has been successful with more than 1.2 million supporters. They score sit ins, use the internet and social media, and also go as far as use sexuality to get the point across. Former Playboy Playmates wearing bikinis pass out veggie het dogs in Washington DC at the Annual Hot Dog Lunches.See more taste on polytropic process Essay

Students Deal with Stress

Students Deal With Stress Hey, Im sifted of prep and studying, lets have a drink, said by the majority of freshmen students. Alcohol is the easiest grapple mechanism to students because we ar exposed to alcohol more than anything else. Throughout high school, most students are shown the slip management of alcohol addiction. Lots of students find out the positive outcomes of drinking relaxation, relief of stress, temporarily happiness, but they tend to void the negative outcomes laziness, forgetfulness, and physical damage to the body.Everyone has personal stressors that drive them to drinking. Freshmen have very similar and critical stressors though. family line sickness, studies, lack or loss of relationships are things that students deal with every day. With every stressor, there is a way to cope with it, without resorting to alcohol. For example, when students miss home they should try to make their new-sprung(prenominal) air just as light and they should never be shy t o call their parents. To deal with lost friends from moving on to university, make new friendsYou can still keep in touch with past friends, but making new friends date at university is an essential part of feeling happy and relieving stress while at school. In addition, get together a club or sports team helps to make new friends and is useful as a stress reliever. For example, I joined a volleyball team, and this is a good time to get out of my place to go have some fun, and forget about school for a bit, this usually results in me avoiding drinking. To regards with studying, sustain breaks, treat yourself and remember trying hard is all you can do, so never be disappoint if you put forth an honest effort.There are several ways to avoid stress. Make new friends, go out for supper to avoid cooking or cafeteria food, call family and friends, have leisure times, join a team, mountt cram study, have effective time management so daily schedules arent so jam packed and stressful, t hese are all great ways to overcome stressors without using alcohol or drugs. This being said, drinking alcohol at high rates is detrimental to health, but drinking responsibly isnt a bad thing to do. In my opinion, there is always room for a braces of beers on the weekend with friends.There are several ways of act with stress. Meditation, self-talk, and therapy are all coping strategies employ to release psychological stress. Coping mechanisms are better than avoiding them, because these coping techniques genuinely eliminates stresses on your mind, while things wish sports and friends just put stress away temporarily. For example, at the beginning of the year I had my childhood quest after pass away, and one of my friends pass away in a car accident. To deal with this major stressor, I chose to get therapy because it was a very hard thing to deal with by myself at university.Of course when this catastrophe happened, I thought of drinking the pain away was an option, but I kn ew this wasnt the best solution. Therapy worked great, it actually decreased the amount of stress I had every day and it helped me move forward with my life. Stressors are halcyon to overcome, find something to occupy personal time to avoid stress (sports, friends, leisure time, etc. ) or coping mechanisms to deal with them (therapy, meditation, self-talk, etc. ). Nevertheless, if these stress relievers were taught to students more, there would be less university freshmen resolving to drinking when they are stressed.University students do deal with major and minor stressors day-to-day and they can be dealt with properly rather by overusing drugs and alcohol. Thus, publicity of stress relievers would be beneficial for the student population because it would help their health, budget and success rate. In conclusion, drinking alcohol is a very unhealthy and stupid way of dealing with stress and there are several healthier and smarter ways of dealing and coping with stress. References Fahey, T. D. (2010). Fit and well, core concepts and labs in physical physical fitness and wellness. (2nd ed. ). Insel, P. (2012). Core concepts in health. (Canadian ed. ).

Introduction of Management

Chapter 1 Introduction of prudence wayis a universal phenomenon. It is a very popular and widely used term. every organizations chore, political, cultural or social atomic coin 18 mired in anxiety be casing it is the trouble which helps and orients the conglomerate efforts towards a definite design. match toHarold Koontz, Management is an fraud of getting things d iodine through and with the bulk in form eachy organized groups. It is an prowess of creating an environment in which people dejection suffice and individuals and jackpot co-operate towards advancement of group goals. correspond toF. W.Taylor, Management is an art of conditi wholenessd what to do, when to do and see that it is done in the best and cheapest way. Management is a purposive activity. It is something that directs group efforts towards the attainment of certain(prenominal) pre determined goals. It is the process of working with and through others to trenchantly achieve the goals of the organization, by efficiently utilise limited re microbes in the changing world. Of course, these goals whitethorn vary from one enterprise to a nonher. E. g. For one enterprise it whitethorn be launching of refreshing products by conducting market surveys and for other it may be profit maximation by minimizing cost.Management involves creating an internal environment It is the instruction which baffles into use the various factors of doing. in that respectfore, it is the state of management to wee such(prenominal) conditions which ar conducive to maximum efforts so that people are able to perform their instigateuriency efficiently and effectively. It includes ensuring availability of raw materials, determination of wages and salaries, formulation of rules & regulations etcetera Therefore, we mickle say that hefty management includes both being effective and efficient. Being effective means doing the appropriate caper i. , try-on the square pegs in square hole s and round pegs in round holes. Being efficient means doing the task crystalisely, at least possible cost with minimum wastage of resources. Management crumb be maked in detail in following categories 1. Management as aProcess 2. Management as an occupation 3. Management as aDiscip force 4. Management as aGroup 5. Management as a light 6. Management as anArt 7. Management as aProfession Management as acquaintance attainment is a systematic body of knowledge pertaining to a limited field of view of study that contains world(a) facts which explains a phenomenon.It establishes drift and effect relationship amongst two or more(prenominal) variables and underlines the principles governing their relationship. These principles are developed through scientific method of observation and verification through testing. lore is characterized by following primary(prenominal) features 1. Univers anyy acceptance principles Scientific principles sets base truth some a special(a) field of enquiry. These principles may be applied in all situations, at all sequence & at all places. E. g. law of gravitation which ignore be applied in all countries regardless of the metre.Management also contains some fundamental principles which laughingstock be applied universally like the convention of Unity of Command i. e. one man, one boss. This principle is applicable to all type of organization logical argument or non telephone line. 2. Experimentation & Observation Scientific principles are derived through scientific investigation & researching i. e. they are found on logic. E. g. the principle that earth goes round the sun has been scientifically proved. Management principles are also establish on scientific enquiry & observation and not only on the opinion of Henry Fayol.They lay down been developed through experiments & mulish puzzles of large no. of buss. E. g. it is observed that fair remuneration to somebodyal helps in creating a satisfied work for ce. 3. Cause & Effect Relationship Principles of science lay down grammatical case and effect relationship between various variables. E. g. when metals are heated, they are expanded. The cause is heating & result is expansion. The equal is true for management, on that pointfore it also establishes cause and effect relationship. E. g. lack of parity (balance) between authority & responsibility will lead to ineffectiveness. If you know the cause i. e. ack of balance, the effect can be ascertained easily i. e. in effectiveness. Similarly if workers are given bonuses, fair wages they will work hard scarce when not treated in fair and just manner, reduces productivity of organization. 4. Test of Validity & Predictability Validity of scientific principles can be tested at any time or any number of times i. e. they nominate the test of time. apiece time these tests will give very(prenominal) result. Moreover upcoming events can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by using scienti fic principles. E. g. H2& O2will always give H2O. Principles of management can also be tested for validity.E. g. principle of unity of command can be tested by comparing two persons one having single boss and one having 2 bosses. The cognitive operation of 1st person will be split than 2nd. It cannot be denied that management has a systematic body of knowledge tho it is not as exact as that of other physical sciences like biology, physics, and chemistry etc. The chief(prenominal) reason for the inexactness of science of management is that it deals with pitying beings and it is very difficult to predict their behavior accurately. Since it is a social process, therefore it falls in the area of social sciences.It is a flexible science & that is wherefore its theories and principles may produce contrasting results at different times and therefore it is a behavior science. Ernest Dale has called it as aSoft Science. Management as art Art implies deed of knowledge & skill to es say about desired results. An art may be defined as personalized application of general theoretical principles for achieving best possible results. Art has the following characters 1. Practical Knowledge either art requires practical knowledge therefore take awaying of theory is not commensurate. It is very distinguished to know practical application of theoretical principles.E. g. to become a full painter, the person may not only be knowing different colour and brushes but different designs, dimensions, situations etc to use them appropriately. A animal trainer can never be successful just by obtaining degree or diploma in management he moldiness take in also know how to apply various principles in real situations by work in capacity of manager. 2. Personal SkillAlthough theoretical base may be same for every mechanic, but each one has his own style and approach towards his job. That is why the take aim of success and quality of proceeding differs from one person to anot her. E. . there are several qualified painters but M. F. Hussain is recognized for his style. Similarly management as an art is also personalized. Every manager has his own way of managing things based on his knowledge, experience and personality, that is why some managers are known as good managers (like Aditya Birla, Rahul Bajaj) whereas others as bad. 3. CreativityEvery artist has an element of creativity in line. That is why he aims at producing something that has never existed in advance which requires combination of science activity & imagination. Management is also creative in nature like any other art.It combines human and non-human resources in useful way so as to achieve desired results. It tries to produce sweet music by combining chords in an efficient manner. 4. Perfection through practicePractice makes a man perfect. Every artist becomes more and more proficient through constant practice. Similarly managers learn through an art of trial and error initially but appli cation of management principles over the years makes them perfect in the job of managing. 5. Goal-OrientedEvery art is result oriented as it seeks to achieve concrete results.In the same manner, management is also directed towards accomplishment of pre-determined goals. carriages use various resources like men, money, material, machinery & methods to promote growth of an organization. Thus, we can say that management is an art therefore it requires application of certain principles rather it is an art of highest range because it deals with mildew the attitude and behavior of people at work towards desired goals. Management as both Science and Art Management is both an art and a science. The above mentioned points clearly reveals that management combines features of both science as well as art.It is con steadred as a science because it has an organized body of knowledge which contains certain universal truth. It is called an art because managing requires certain skills which are p ersonal possessions of managers. Science provides the knowledge & art deals with the application of knowledge and skills. A manager to be successful in his profession moldiness acquire the knowledge of science & the art of applying it. Therefore management is a judicious blend of science as well as an art because it proves the principles and the way these principles are applied is a matter of art. Science teaches to know and art teaches to do.E. g. a person cannot become a good singer unless he has knowledge about various ragas & he also applies his personal skill in the art of singing. Same way it is not sufficient for manager to first know the principles but he must also apply them in lick various managerial problems that is why, science and art are not mutually exclusive but they are complementary to each other (like tea and biscuit, bread and butter etc. ). The old saying that Manager are Born has been rejected in favor of Managers are Made. It has been aptly remarked that mana gement is the oldest of art and youngest of science.To conclude, we can say that science is the root and art is the fruit. aims of Management The term Levels of Management refers to a line of demarcation between various managerial positions in an organization. The number of levels in management augments when the size of the lineage and work force increases and vice versa. The level of management determines a chain of command, the amount of authority & term enjoyed by any managerial position. The levels of management can be sort in deuce-ace huge categories 1. direct level / Administrative level 2. Middle level / Executory 3.Low level / Supervisory / in force(predicate) / First-line managers Managers at all these levels perform different meshs. The role of managers at all the trinity levels is discussed below 1. Top Level of Management It consists of board of directors, chief executive or managing director. The top management is the ultimate source of authority and it man ages goals and policies for an enterprise. It devotes more time on planning and coordinate lams. The role of the top management can be summarized as follows a. Top management lays down the objectives and broad policies of the enterprise. b.It issues necessary instructions for preparation of incision budgets, procedures, schedules etc. c. It prepares strategic plans & policies for the enterprise. d. It appoints the executive for middle level i. e. departmental managers. e. It chastenesss & coordinates the activities of all the departments. f. It is also prudent for maintaining a contact with the foreign world. g. It provides guidance and direction. h. The top management is also responsible towards the shareholders for the public presentation of the enterprise. 2. Middle Level of Management The branch managers and departmental managers constitute middle level.They are responsible to the top management for the functioning of their department. They devote more time to organizat ional and directional functions. In small organization, there is only one layer of middle level of management but in big enterprises, there may be senior and junior middle level management. Their role can be emphasized as a. They endure the plans of the organization in accordance with the policies and directives of the top management. b. They make plans for the wedge shape-units of the organization. c. They participate in employment & training of let down level management. . They interpret and explain policies from top level management to lower level. e. They are responsible for coordinating the activities within the division or department. f. It also sends important reports and other important data to top level management. g. They evaluate performance of junior managers. h. They are also responsible for inspiring lower level managers towards better performance. 3. Lower Level of Management Lower level is also known as supervisory / working(a) level of management. It consists o f supervisors, foreman, section officers, superintendent etc. gibe toR. C. Davis, Supervisory management refers to those executives whose work has to be generally with personal oversight and direction of operative employees. In other words, they are tie ined with direction and coercive function of management. Their activities include a. Assigning of jobs and tasks to various workers. b. They engage and instruct workers for day to day activities. c. They are responsible for the quality as well as quantity of production. d. They are also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining good relation in the organization. e.They communicate workers problems, suggestions, and recommendatory appeals etc to the higher level and higher level goals and objectives to the workers. f. They help to solve the grievances of the workers. g. They supervise & fleet the sub-ordinates. h. They are responsible for providing training to the workers. i. They arrange necessary materials, machines, to ols etc for getting the things done. j. They prepare periodical reports about the performance of the workers. k. They ensure discipline in the enterprise. l. They motivate workers. m. They are the image skeletal frameers of the enterprise because they are in direct contact with the workers. officiates of management Management has been set forth as a social process involving responsibility for stinting and effective planning & regulation of operation of an enterprise in the fulfillment of given purposes. It is a dynamical process consisting of various elements and activities. These activities are different from operative functions like marketing, finance, purchase etc. Rather these activities are common to each and every manger irrespective of his level or status. Different experts concord classified functions of management . correspond toGeorge & Jerry, There are four fundamental functions of management i. e. lanning, organizing, actuating and haughty. According to Henry Fayol , To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, & to control. Whereas Luther Gullick has given a keyword POSDCORB where P stands for mean, O for Organizing, S for Staffing, D for tell, Co for Co-ordination, R for reporting & B for Budgeting. But the most widely accepted are functions of management given by KOONTZ and ODONNEL i. e. cookery,Organizing,Staffing,DirectingandControlling. For theoretical purposes, it may be convenient to separate the function of management but practically these functions are overlapping in nature i. . they are highly inseparable. Each function blends into the other & each affects the performance of others. pic Planning It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of attain & deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. According to KOONTZ, Planning is deciding in advance what to do, when to do & how to do. It couples the gap from where we are & where we want to be. A plan is a future course of actions. It is an exercise in problem solving & termination making.Planning is determination of courses of action to achieve desired goals. Thus, planning is a systematic thinking about ways & means for accomplishment of pre-determined goals. Planning is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human & non-human resources. It is all pervasive, it is an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion, uncertainties, risks, wastages etc. Organizing It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources and developing productive relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational goals.According to Henry Fayol, To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful or its functioning i. e. raw material, tools, capital and personnels. To organize a business involves determining & providing human and non-human resources to the organizational structure. Organizing as a process invol ves Identification of activities. Classification of radical of activities. Assignment of duties. Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility. Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships. StaffingIt is the function of manning the organization structure and keeping it manned. Staffing has assumed greater importance in the recent years due to advancement of technology, increase in size of business, complexity of human behavior etc. The main purpose o staffing is to put right man on right job i. e. square pegs in square holes and round pegs in round holes. According to Kootz & ODonell, Managerial function of staffing involves manning the organization structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal & development of personnel to fill the roles intentional un the structure.Staffing involves Man condition Planning(estimating man power in terms of searching, choose the person and giving the right place). Recruitment, selection & placement. Training & development. Remuneration. Performance appraisal. Promotions & transfer. Directing It is that part of managerial function which actuates the organizational methods to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes. It is considered life-spark of the enterprise which sets it in motion the action of people because planning, organizing and staffing are the mere preparations for doing the work.Direction is that inert-personnel aspect of management which deals directly with influencing, guiding, supervising, make sub-ordinate for the achievement of organizational goals. Direction has following elements Supervision Motivation leadership Communication Supervision-implies overseeing the work of subordinates by their superiors. It is the act of watching & directing work & workers. Motivation-means inspiring, stimulating or encouraging the sub-ordinates with zeal to work. Positive, contradict, monetary, non-monetary incentives may be used for this purpose.Leadership -may be defined as a process by which manager guides and influences the work of subordinates in desired direction. Communications-is the process of passing information, experience, opinion etc from one person to another. It is a bridge of understanding. Controlling It implies measurement of accomplishment against the standards and correction of exit if any to ensure achievement of organizational goals. The purpose of controlling is to ensure that everything descends in conformities with the standards. An efficient system of control helps to predict deviations before they demonstrablely occur.According toTheo Haimann, Controlling is the process of checking whether or not proper progress is being made towards the objectives and goals and acting if necessary, to correct any deviation. According to Koontz & ODonell Controlling is the measurement & correction of performance activities of subordinates in order to make sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to obtain them as being accomplished. Therefore controlling has following footprints Establishment of standard performance. Measurement of echt performance. Comparison of echt performance with the standards and decision out deviation if any. Corrective action. Planning means looking ahead and chalking out future courses of action to be followed. It is a preparatory step. It is a systematic activity which determines when, how and who is going to perform a specific job. Planning is a detailed programme regarding future courses of action. It is rightly said Well plan is fractional done. Therefore planning takes into consideration available & prospective human and physical resources of the organization so as to get effective co-ordination, contribution & perfect adjustment.It is the basic management function which includes formulation of one or more detailed plans to achieve optimum balance of needs or demands with the available resources. explanation of Planning- According to Koontz & ODonel l, Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do and who is to do it. Planning bridges the gap between where we are to, where we want to go. It makes possible things to occur which would not otherwise occur. According to Urwick, Planning is a mental predisposition to do things in orderly way, to think before acting and to act in the light of facts rather than guesses.Planning is deciding best alternative among others to perform different managerial functions in order to achieve predetermined goals. Steps in Planning duty Planning function of managementinvolves following steps- 1. Establishment of objectives a. Planning requires a systematic approach. b. Planning starts with the setting of goals and objectives to be achieved. c. Objectives provide a rationale for undertaking various activities as well as indicate direction of efforts. d. Moreover objectives focus the attention of managers on the end results to be achieved. e.As a matter of fact, objectives provide nucleus to the planning process. Therefore, objectives should be declared in a clear, precise and obvious language. Otherwise the activities undertaken are bound to be ineffective. f. As far as possible, objectives should be stated in quantitative terms. For example, Number of men working, wages given, units produced, etc. But such an objective cannot be stated in quantitative terms like performance of quality control manager, effectiveness of personnel manager. g. much(prenominal) goals should be specified in qualitative terms. h. Hence objectives should be practical, acceptable, workable and chievable. 2. Establishment of Planning premise a. Planning premises are the assumptions about the lively shape of events in future. b. They serve as a basis of planning. c. Establishment of planning premises is concerned with determining where one tends to deviate from the actual plans and causes of such deviations. d. It is to find out what obstacles are there in the way of business during the cours e of operations. e. Establishment of planning premises is concerned to take such steps that avoids these obstacles to a great extent. f. Planning premises may be internal or external.Internal includes capital investment policy, management labour relations, philosophy of management, etc. Whereas external includes socio- economic, political and economical changes. g. Internal premises are controllable whereas external are non- controllable. 3. option of alternative course of action a. When forecast are available and premises are established, a number of alternative course of actions have to be considered. b. For this purpose, each and every alternative will be evaluated by weighing its pros and cons in the light of resources available and requirements of the organization. . The merits, demerits as well as the consequences of each alternative must be examined before the choice is being made. d. After objective and scientific evaluation, the best alternative is chosen. e. The planners should take help of various quantitative techniques to judge the stability of an alternative. 4. Formulation of derivative plans a. Derivative plans are the sub plans or secondary plans which help in the achievement of main plan. b. Secondary plans will flow from the basic plan. These are meant to support and expediate the achievement of basic plans. c.These detail plans include policies, procedures, rules, programmes, budgets, schedules, etc. For example, if profit maximization is the main aim of the enterprise, derivative plans will include sales maximization, production maximization, and cost minimization. d. Derivative plans indicate time schedule and sequence of accomplishing various tasks. 5. Securing Co-operation a. After the plans have been determined, it is necessary rather advisable to take subordinates or those who have to action these plans into confidence. b. The purposes behind taking them into confidence are - a.Subordinates may feel motivated since they are involve d in decision making process. b. The organization may be able to get worthy suggestions and repairment in formulation as well as implementation of plans. c. Also the employees will be more interested in the execution of these plans. 6. Follow up/Appraisal of plans a. After choosing a particular course of action, it is put into action. b. After the selected plan is implemented, it is important to appraise its effectiveness. c. This is done on the basis of feedback or information received from departments or persons concerned. . This modifys the management to correct deviations or modify the plan. e. This step establishes a connect between planning and controlling function. f. The follow up must go side by side the implementation of plans so that in the light of observations made, future plans can be made more realistic. Organizingis the function of management which follows planning. It is a function in which the synchronization and combination of human, physical and financial res ources takes place. All the three resources are important to get results.Therefore, organizational function helps in achievement of results which in fact is important for the functioning of a concern. Definition of organizing According toChester Barnard, Organizing is a function by which the concern is able to define the role positions, the jobs related and the co- ordination between authority and responsibility. Hence, a manager always has to organize in order to get results. A manager performs organizing function with the help of following steps- 1. Identification of activities All the activities which have to be performed in a concern have to be identified first.For example, preparation of accounts, making sales, record keeping, quality control, inventory control, etc. All these activities have to be grouped and classified into units. 2. departmentally organizing the activities In this step, the manager tries to combine and group similar and related activities into units or depar tments. This organization of dividing the whole concern into independent units and departments is called departmentation. 3. Classifying the authority at one time the departments are made, the manager likes to classify the powers and its extent to the managers.This activity of giving a rank in order to the managerial positions is called hierarchy. The top management is into formulation of policies, the middle level management into departmental supervision and lower level management into supervision of foremen. The clarification of authority help in bringing efficiency in the running of a concern. This helps in achieving efficiency in the running of a concern. This helps in avoiding wastage of time, money, effort, in avoidance of duplication or overlapping of efforts and this helps in bringing smoothness in a concerns working. 4.Co-ordination between authority and responsibility Relationships are established among various groups to enable smooth interaction toward the achievment of the organizational goal. Each individual is made aware of his authority and he/she knows whom they have to take orders from and to whom they are accountable and to whom they have to report. A clear organizational structure is drawn and all the employees are made aware of it. DIRECTINGis said to be a process in which the managers instruct, guide and oversee the performance of the workers to achieve predetermined goals.Directing is said to be the heart of management process. Planning, organizing, staffing have got no importance if direction function does not take place. Directing initiates action and it is from here actual work starts. Direction is said to be consisting of human factors. In simple words, it can be described as providing guidance to workers is doing work. In field of management, direction is said to be all those activities which are designed to encourage the subordinates to work effectively and efficiently. Definition of directingAccording to Human, Directing consists of process or technique by which instruction can be issued and operations can be carried out as originally planned Therefore, Directing is the function of guiding, inspiring, overseeing and instructing people towards accomplishment of organizational goals. Direction has got following characteristics 1. Pervasive expire Directing is required at all levels of organization. Every manager provides guidance and inspiration to his subordinates. 2. Continuous bodily process Direction is a continuous activity as it continuous throughout the life of organization. . Human grammatical constituent Directing function is related to subordinates and therefore it is related to human factor. Since human factor is complex and conduct is unorthodox, direction function becomes important. 4. Creative Activity Direction function helps in converting plans into performance. Without this function, people become abeyant and physical resources are meaningless. 5. Executive Function Direction function is carried out by all managers and executives at all levels throughout the working of an enterprise a subordinate receives instructions from his superior only. . Delegate Function Direction is supposed to be a function dealing with human beings. Human behaviour is unpredictable by nature and conditioning the peoples behaviour towards the goals of the enterprise is what the executive does in this function. Therefore, it is termed as having delicacy in it to tackle human behaviour. Controlling consists of verifying whether everything occurs in conformities with the plans adopted, instructions issued and principles established.Controlling ensures that there is effective and efficient utilization of organizational resources so as to achieve the planned goals. Controlling measures the deviation of actual performance from the standard performance, discovers the causes of such deviations and helps in taking corrective actions Definition of controlling According to Brech, Controlling is a sys tematic exercise which is called as a process of checking actual performance against the standards or plans with a view to ensure adequate progress and also recording such experience as is gained as a contribution to possible future needs. According to Donnell, Just as a sailing master continually takes reading to ensure whether he is relative to a planned action, so should a business manager continually take reading to assure himself that his enterprise is on right course. controlling as a management function involves following steps Process of controlling 1. Establishment of standards-Standards are the plans or the targets which have to be achieved in the course of business function. They can also be called as the criterions for judgment the performance. Standards generally are classified into two- a.Measurable or tangible Those standards which can be measured and express are called as measurable standards. They can be in form of cost, output, expenditure, time, profit, etc. b. Non-measurable or nonphysical- There are standards which cannot be measured monetarily. For example- performance of a manager, deviation of workers, their attitudes towards a concern. These are called as intangible standards. Controlling becomes easy through establishment of these standards because controlling is exercised on the basis of these standards. 2. Measurement of performance-The second major(ip) step in controlling is to measure the performance.Finding out deviations becomes easy through measuring the actual performance. Performance levels are sometimes easy to measure and sometimes difficult. Measurement of tangible standards is easy as it can be expressed in units, cost, money terms, etc. Quantitative measurement becomes difficult when performance of manager has to be measured. Performance of a manager cannot be measured in quantities. It can be measured only by- a. Attitude of the workers, b. Their morale to work, c. The development in the attitudes regarding the ph ysical environment, and d. Their confabulation with the superiors.It is also sometimes done through various reports like weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly reports. 3. Comparison of actual and standard performance-Comparison of actual performance with the planned targets is very important. Deviation can be defined as the gap between actual performance and the planned targets. The manager has to find out two things here- extent of deviation and cause of deviation. Extent of deviation means that the manager has to find out whether the deviation is positive or negative or whether the actual performance is in concord with the planned performance.The managers have to exercise control by exception. He has to find out those deviations which are critical and important for business. Minor deviations have to be ignored. study deviations like replacement of machinery, appointment of workers, quality of raw material, rate of profits, etc. should be looked upon consciously. Therefore it is sa id, If a manager controls everything, he ends up controlling nothing. For example, if stationery charges increase by a minor 5 to 10%, it can be called as a minor deviation. On the other hand, if monthly production decreases continuously, it is called as major deviation.Once the deviation is identified, a manager has to think about various cause which has led to deviation. The causes can be- a. Erroneous planning, b. Co-ordination loosens, c. Implementation of plans is defective, and d. Supervision and communication is ineffective, etc. 4. victorious remedial actions-Once the causes and extent of deviations are known, the manager has to detect those errors and take remedial measures for it. There are two alternatives here- a. Taking corrective measures for deviations which have occurred and b.After taking the corrective measures, if the actual performance is not in conformity with plans, the manager can revise the targets. It is here the controlling process comes to an end. Follo w up is an important step because it is only through taking corrective measures, a manager can exercise controlling. Types of managers ? Functional manager The functional manager is responsible for only one functional area. Like ? Production manager, ? Finance manager. ? merchandising manager ? HR manager ? General manager The individual responsible for all functional activities, such as production, sales etcMANAGERIAL ROLES A s a manager, you probably fulfill many different roles every day. For instance, as well as leading your squad, you might find yourself resolving a conflict, negotiating virgin contracts, representing your department at a board meeting, or approving a request for a new computer system. Put simply, youre constantly switching roles as tasks, situations, and expectations change. Management expert and professor, Henry Mintzberg, recognized this. He argued that there are ten primary roles or behaviors that can be used to categorize a managers different functions.I n this article well examine these roles, and well see how you can use your understanding of them to improve your management skills. The Roles Mintzberg published his Ten Management Roles in his book, Mintzberg on Management Inside our Strange World of Organizations, in 1990. The ten roles are 1. Figurehead. 2. Leader. 3. Liaison. 4. Monitor. 5. Disseminator. 6. translator. 7. Entrepreneur. 8. Disturbance Handler. 9. preference electrical distributor. 10. Negotiator. pic The 10 roles are then divided up into three categories, as follows Category Role Interpersonal Figurehead Leader Liaison Informational Monitor Disseminator Spokesperson Decisional Entrepreneur Disturbance Handler Resource Allocator Negotiator Interpersonal Category The roles in this crime syndicate involveprovidinginformation and ideas. 1. Figurehead As a manager, you have social, ceremonial and legal responsibilities. Youre expected to be a source of inspiration. People look up to y ou as a person with authority, and as a figurehead. 2.Leader This is where you provide leadership for your team, your department or perhaps your entire organization and its where you manage the performance and responsibilities of everyone in the group. 3. Liaison Managers must communicate with internal and external contacts. You need to be able to engagement effectively on behalf of your organization. Informational Category The roles in this category involveprocessinginformation. 1. Monitor In this role, you on a regular basis seek out information related to your organization and industry, looking for relevant changes in the environment. You also reminder your team, in terms of both their productivity, and their well-being. 2.Disseminator This is where you communicate potentially useful information to your colleagues and your team. 3. Spokesperson Managers represent and speak for their organization. In this role youre responsible for transmitting information about your organizatio n and its goals to the people outside it. Decisional Category The roles in this category involveusinginformation. 1. Entrepreneur As a manager, you create and control change within the organization. This means solving problems, generating new ideas, and implementing them. 2. Disturbance Handler When an organization or team hits an unexpected roadblock, its the manager who must take charge.You also need to help mediate disputes within it. 3. Resource Allocator Youll also need to determine where organizational resources are best applied. This involves allocating funding, as well as assigning staff and other organizational resources. 4. Negotiator You may be needed to take part in, and direct, important negotiations within your team, department, or organization. Better understanding of role 1. Figurehead Figureheads represent their teams. If you need to improve or build confidence in this area, start with your image, behavior, andreputation. Cultivatehumilityand empathy, learn how tose t a good example at work, and think abouthow to be a good role model. 2. LeaderThis is the role you probably spend most of your time fulfilling. To improve here, start by taking our quiz,how good Are Your Leadership Skills? This will give you a thorough understanding of your current abilities. Next, learn how to be anauthentic leader, so your team will respect you. Also, focus on improving youremotional intelligence this is an important skill for being an effective leader. 3. Liaison To improve your liaison skills, work on your paid networkingtechniques. You may also like to take our Bite-Sized Training course onNetworking Skills. 4. Monitor To improve here, learn how togather informationeffectively andovercome information overload.Also, use effectivereading strategies, so that you can process material quickly and thoroughly, and learn how tokeep up-to-date with industry news. 5. Disseminator To be a good disseminator you need to know how to share information and outside views effec tively, which means that good communication skills are vital. Learn how to share organizational information withTeam Briefings. Next, focus on improving your piece of music skills. You might also want to take ourcommunication skills quiz, to find out where else you can improve. 6. Spokesperson To be effective in this role, make sure that you know how torepresent your organization at a conference. You may also want to read our articles ondelivering great presentationsandworking with the media(if applicable to your role). 7. EntrepreneurTo improve here, build on yourchange managementskills, and learnwhat not to do when implementing changein your organization. Youll also need to work on yourproblem solvingandcreativity skills, so that you can come up with new ideas, and implement them successfully. 8. Disturbance Handler In this role, you need to excel atconflict resolutionand knowhow to treat team conflict. Its also helpful to be able tomanage emotion in your team. 9. Resource Alloca tor To improve as a resource allocator, learn how tomanage a budget,cut costs, andprioritize, so that you can make the best use of your resources. 10. Negotiator Improve your negotiation skills by learning aboutWin-Win negotiationand Distributive. .